Application Layer

2.2 The Web and HTTP
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Introduction
2.1 Principles of Network Applications
2.1.1 Network Application Architectures
2.1.2 Processes Communcating
2.1.3 Application-Layer Protocols
2.1.4 What Services Does an Application Need?
2.1.5 Services Provided by the Internet Transport Protocols
2.2 The Web and HTTP
2.2.1Overview of HTTP
2.2.2 Nonpersistent and Persistent Connections
2.2.3 HTTP Message Format
2.2.4 User-Server Ineraction: Cookies
2.2.5 HTTP Content
2.2.6 Web Caching
2.2.7 The Conditional GET
2.3 File Transfer: FTP
2.3.1 FTP Commands and Replies
2.4 Electronic Mail in the Internet
2.4.1 STMP
2.4.2 Comparison with HTTP
2.4.3 Mail Message Formats and MIME
2.4.4 Mail Access Protocols
2.5 DNS--The Internet's Directory Service
2.5.1 Services Provided by DNS
2.5.2 Overview of How DNS Works
2.5.3 DNS Records and Messages
2.6 P2P File Sharing
2.7 Socket Programming with TCP
2.7.1 Socket Programming with TCP
2.7.2 An Example Client/Server Application in Java
2.8 Socket Programming with UDP

2.2.5 HTTP Content

HTTP is often used today in electronic commerce appliactions to transfer XML files from one machine to another, with neither of these machines involving a browser or a user.