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Processing Delay--The time required to examine the packet's
header and determine where to direct the packet is part of the processing delay. The processing delay can also include
other factors, such as the time needed to check for bit-level errors in the packet that occurred in transmitting the packet's
bits from the upstream node to router A.
Queuing Delay--At the queue, the packet experiences a queuing
delay as it waits to be transmitted onto the link. The length of the queuing delay of a specific packet will depend on the
number of earlier-arriving packets that are required and waiting for transmission across the link.
Transmission Delay--Assuming that packets are transmitted in
a first-come-first-served manner, as is common in packet-switched networks, our packet can be transmitted only after all the
packets that have arrived before it have been transmitted.
Propagation Delay--Once a bit is pushed onto the link, it needs
to propagate to router B. The time required to propagate from the beginning of the link to router B is the propagation
delay.
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